Independent testing and validation of prototype hydrogen sensors
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Abstract
In this article, the independent testing and validation of a packaged, electrochemical prototype hydrogen sensor at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is reported. Custom electronics were developed to be compatible with the data acquisition system at NREL. The specialized hydrogen sensor-testing laboratory at NREL used a variety of standardized test protocols to assess sensor performance. The system controlled and monitored humidity, pressure, and hydrogen gas concentration and introduced interference gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and ammonia. The hydrogen sensor was made of Indium Tin Oxide and Platinum electrode and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte. NREL testing showed a fast response to H2 with exceptional low-level sensitivity (0.005-2%) and high signal-to-noise ratio. A minimal deviation in sensor response to changes in ambient conditions such as humidity was observed along with minimal response to interference gases. The hydrogen prototype sensor was operational and insensitive to variations in oxygen partial pressure down to approximately 0.2% oxygen, while anaerobic conditions caused the sensor to become inoperable. The NREL tests indicate that the sensor prototype will effectively function and trigger event alarms and continue to function unless anaerobic conditions are established. It is envisioned in future to develop a different working electrode based on a more robust material such as La1 xSrxCrO3 for applications where substantially harsher environments (absence of oxygen supply, higher altitudes, and higher atmospheric pressure) may be experienced.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Independent testing and validation of prototype hydrogen sensors</title><author><name sortKey="Sekhar, Praveen K" uniqKey="Sekhar P">Praveen K. Sekhar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Nanomaterials and Sensors Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University</s1><s2>Vancouver, WA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver, WA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name>JIE ZHOU</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Nanomaterials and Sensors Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University</s1><s2>Vancouver, WA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver, WA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Post, Matthew B" uniqKey="Post M">Matthew B. Post</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Leta" uniqKey="Woo L">Leta Woo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, William J" uniqKey="Buttner W">William J. Buttner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penrose, William R" uniqKey="Penrose W">William R. Penrose</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Custom Sensor Solutions, Inc.</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Custom Sensor Solutions, Inc.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukundan, Rangachary" uniqKey="Mukundan R">Rangachary Mukundan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kreller, Cortney R" uniqKey="Kreller C">Cortney R. Kreller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glass, Robert S" uniqKey="Glass R">Robert S. Glass</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garzon, Fernando H" uniqKey="Garzon F">Fernando H. Garzon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brosha, Eric L" uniqKey="Brosha E">Eric L. Brosha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="inist">14-0096801</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 14-0096801 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:14-0096801</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000025</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Repository">000099</idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0360-3199</idno><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Int. j. hydrogen energy</title><title level="j" type="main">International journal of hydrogen energy</title></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydrogen</term><term>Prototype</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Prototype</term><term>Hydrogène</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="concept" xml:lang="fr"><term>Prototype</term><term>Hydrogène</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In this article, the independent testing and validation of a packaged, electrochemical prototype hydrogen sensor at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is reported. Custom electronics were developed to be compatible with the data acquisition system at NREL. The specialized hydrogen sensor-testing laboratory at NREL used a variety of standardized test protocols to assess sensor performance. The system controlled and monitored humidity, pressure, and hydrogen gas concentration and introduced interference gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and ammonia. The hydrogen sensor was made of Indium Tin Oxide and Platinum electrode and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte. NREL testing showed a fast response to H<sub>2</sub> with exceptional low-level sensitivity (0.005-2%) and high signal-to-noise ratio. A minimal deviation in sensor response to changes in ambient conditions such as humidity was observed along with minimal response to interference gases. The hydrogen prototype sensor was operational and insensitive to variations in oxygen partial pressure down to approximately 0.2% oxygen, while anaerobic conditions caused the sensor to become inoperable. The NREL tests indicate that the sensor prototype will effectively function and trigger event alarms and continue to function unless anaerobic conditions are established. It is envisioned in future to develop a different working electrode based on a more robust material such as La<sub>1</sub> <sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>CrO<sub>3</sub> for applications where substantially harsher environments (absence of oxygen supply, higher altitudes, and higher atmospheric pressure) may be experienced.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0360-3199</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>IJHEDX</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Int. j. hydrogen energy</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>39</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>9</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Independent testing and validation of prototype hydrogen sensors</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SEKHAR (Praveen K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>JIE ZHOU</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>POST (Matthew B.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>WOO (Leta)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>BUTTNER (William J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>PENROSE (William R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>MUKUNDAN (Rangachary)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>KRELLER (Cortney R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>GLASS (Robert S.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>GARZON (Fernando H.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>BROSHA (Eric L.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Nanomaterials and Sensors Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University</s1><s2>Vancouver, WA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Custom Sensor Solutions, Inc.</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sensors and Electrochemical Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>4657-4663</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2014</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>17522</s2><s5>354000506178780530</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2014 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>20 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>14-0096801</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>International journal of hydrogen energy</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>GBR</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>In this article, the independent testing and validation of a packaged, electrochemical prototype hydrogen sensor at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is reported. Custom electronics were developed to be compatible with the data acquisition system at NREL. The specialized hydrogen sensor-testing laboratory at NREL used a variety of standardized test protocols to assess sensor performance. The system controlled and monitored humidity, pressure, and hydrogen gas concentration and introduced interference gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and ammonia. The hydrogen sensor was made of Indium Tin Oxide and Platinum electrode and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte. NREL testing showed a fast response to H<sub>2</sub> with exceptional low-level sensitivity (0.005-2%) and high signal-to-noise ratio. A minimal deviation in sensor response to changes in ambient conditions such as humidity was observed along with minimal response to interference gases. The hydrogen prototype sensor was operational and insensitive to variations in oxygen partial pressure down to approximately 0.2% oxygen, while anaerobic conditions caused the sensor to become inoperable. The NREL tests indicate that the sensor prototype will effectively function and trigger event alarms and continue to function unless anaerobic conditions are established. It is envisioned in future to develop a different working electrode based on a more robust material such as La<sub>1</sub> <sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>CrO<sub>3</sub> for applications where substantially harsher environments (absence of oxygen supply, higher altitudes, and higher atmospheric pressure) may be experienced.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001D06B06B</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>230</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Prototype</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Prototype</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Prototipo</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hydrogène</s0><s2>NC</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hydrogen</s0><s2>NC</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hidrógeno</s0><s2>NC</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fN21><s1>132</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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